Tecniche antiche e tecniche moderne per la realizzazione di pavimenti in ciottoli (I parte)-Ancient techniques and modern techniques for the construction of floors pebbles (part I)
Tecniche antiche
L'etimologia del vocabolo italiano “pavimento”, che significa anche superficie livellata, ha la sua origine dal sinonimo sostantivo latino derivato dal verbo livellare che significa battere il il terreno e quindi spianarlo-livellarlo. Nell'antichità i pavimenti venivano costruiti appunto battendo e spianando il terreno per stabilizzarlo.
L'acciotolato veniva successivamente realizzato su di uno strato consolidato da un impasto di calce, pozzolana e cocciopesto, detto calcestruzzo, che a sua volta veniva posto su un fondo di drenaggio costituito da materiale di recupero ben assestato.
Inizialmente il pavimento a mosaico in pietra ha i suoi primi esempi nelle antiche civiltà del bacino del mediterraneo con i selciati in ciottoli del neolitico che sono stati rinvenuti nell'isola di Creta, altri, attribuiti alla fine dell'eà eneolitica (XVII -XI secolo a.c.), nella penisola ellenica.
In Asia Minore, durante gli scavi archeologici di Gordion, sono state scoperte diverse pavimentazioni fra cui un mosaico in ciottoli considerato tra i più antichi e databile intorno al secolo VIII a.c.. Interessanti ritrovamenti nel sud della Spagna attribuiti a un periodo compreso tra tra il VII e il IV a.c. hanno inoltre dimostrato la diffusione di questa particolare tecnica pavimentale nell'area del Mediterraneo.
La diffusione di mosaici pavimentali di sassolini, lithostrata, ossia pavimenti di pietra, risulta essere dovuta più a funzioni pratiche che estetiche, per rendere impermeabile e resistente all'usura il pavimento in terra battuta.
mosaico in acciotolato (Palazzo reale Genova) - Foto Angelo Vignolo
ancient techniques
The etymology of the Italian word "floor", which also means level surface, has its origin from the Latin noun derived from the verb synonymous level which means beating the ground and then flatten-adjust. In antiquity, the floors were built just beating and leveling the ground to stabilize it.
The cobblestones was subsequently realized on a layer consolidated from a mixture of lime, pozzolan and cocciopesto, said concrete, which in turn was placed on a bottom drainage consists of recycled material well-aimed.
Initially, the floor mosaic stone has its first examples in the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean basin with cobblestone pavement in the Neolithic have been found on the island of Crete, others, attributed to the late Eneolithic EA (XVII-XI century c) in the Hellenic peninsula.
In Asia Minor, during the archaeological excavations of Gordion, were discovered several floors including a mosaic pebble considered one of the oldest and dates back to the eighth century BC. Interesting discoveries in the south of Spain attributed to a period between the seventh and the fourth ac have also shown the spread of this technique in the floor of the Mediterranean.
The spread of mosaics of pebbles lithostrata, or stone floors, appears to be due more to practical and aesthetic functions, to make it waterproof and resistant to wear the earthen floor.
The etymology of the Italian word "floor", which also means level surface, has its origin from the Latin noun derived from the verb synonymous level which means beating the ground and then flatten-adjust. In antiquity, the floors were built just beating and leveling the ground to stabilize it.
The cobblestones was subsequently realized on a layer consolidated from a mixture of lime, pozzolan and cocciopesto, said concrete, which in turn was placed on a bottom drainage consists of recycled material well-aimed.
Initially, the floor mosaic stone has its first examples in the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean basin with cobblestone pavement in the Neolithic have been found on the island of Crete, others, attributed to the late Eneolithic EA (XVII-XI century c) in the Hellenic peninsula.
In Asia Minor, during the archaeological excavations of Gordion, were discovered several floors including a mosaic pebble considered one of the oldest and dates back to the eighth century BC. Interesting discoveries in the south of Spain attributed to a period between the seventh and the fourth ac have also shown the spread of this technique in the floor of the Mediterranean.
The spread of mosaics of pebbles lithostrata, or stone floors, appears to be due more to practical and aesthetic functions, to make it waterproof and resistant to wear the earthen floor.
